Electrochemical sensor for anti-doping in athletes / Sensor eletroquímico para anti-doping em atletas / Sensor electroquímico para antidoping en deportistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several athletes use steroids such as nandrolone aiming at muscle hypertrophy and performance gain. The current research focused on developing a GO-TiO2 nanostructure as an electrochemical sensor for detecting Nandrolone (ND) like doping agents. Objective: Develop a graphene oxide and carbon paste-modified TiO2 nanocomposite electrode (TiO2-GO/CPE) as an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of anabolic steroids in the urine of athletes. Methods: The hydrothermal approach was employed to make GO-TiO2 nanocomposites, while the modified Hummers approach was used to make GO nanofilaments. Results: The interaction of TiO2 nanostructures with GOES resulted in the anchoring of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of GO nanowires, as demonstrated by structural investigations of the generated nanocomposite using SEM. The DPV approach was used to investigate the electrochemical properties of an anabolic steroid sensor, which revealed a stable and selective response to anabolic steroids and superior performance to previously reported anabolic steroid sensors. Conclusion: RSD values ranged from 3.20% to 4.45%, indicating that the developed electrochemical anabolic steroid sensor can be used as a viable detection technique to identify anabolic steroids in human biological fluids. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Vários atletas fazem uso de esteróides como nandrolone visando a hipertrofia muscular e ganho de performance. A pesquisa atual se concentrou no desenvolvimento de uma nanoestrutura GO-TiO2 como um sensor eletroquímico para detecção de Nandrolone (ND) como agente dopante. Objetivo: Desenvolver um eletrodo de nanocomposto de óxido de grafite e pasta de carbono modificado (TiO2-GO/CPE) como um biossensor eletroquímico para a detecção de esteróides anabólicos na urina de atletas. Métodos: A abordagem hidrotérmica foi empregada para fazer nanocompósitos de GO-TiO2, enquanto a abordagem Hummers modificada foi usada para fazer nanofilamentos de GO. Resultados: A interação das nanoestruturas de TiO2 com GOES resultou na ancoragem de nanopartículas de TiO2 na superfície dos nanofilamentos de GO, como demonstrado pelas investigações estruturais do nanocomposto gerado usando SEM. A abordagem DPV foi utilizada para investigar as propriedades eletroquímicas de um sensor de esteróides anabólicos, que revelou uma resposta estável e seletiva aos esteróides anabólicos, bem como um desempenho superior ao dos sensores de esteróides anabólicos anteriormente relatados. Conclusão: Os valores de RSD variaram de 3,20% a 4,45%, indicando que o sensor de esteróides anabolizantes eletroquímicos desenvolvido pode ser usado como uma técnica de detecção viável para identificar esteróides anabolizantes em fluidos biológicos humanos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Varios atletas hacen uso de esteroides como la nandrolona con el objetivo de hipertrofia muscular y aumento de rendimiento. La presente investigación se centró en el desarrollo de una nanoestructura de GO-TiO2 como sensor electroquímico para la detección de nandrolona (ND) como agente dopante. Objetivo: Desarrollar un electrodo de nanocompuesto de óxido de grafito y pasta de carbono modificado (TiO2-GO/CPE) como biosensor electroquímico para la detección de esteroides anabólicos en la orina de atletas. Métodos: Se empleó el enfoque hidrotérmico para hacer nanocompuestos de GO-TiO2, mientras que el enfoque de Hummers modificado se utilizó para hacer nanofilamentos de GO. Resultados: La interacción de las nanoestructuras de TiO2 con el GOES dio lugar al anclaje de las nanopartículas de TiO2 en la superficie de los nanofilamentos de GO, tal y como demostraron las investigaciones estructurales del nanocompuesto generado mediante SEM. El enfoque de DPV se utilizó para investigar las propiedades electroquímicas de un sensor de esteroides anabólicos, que reveló una respuesta estable y selectiva a los esteroides anabólicos, así como un rendimiento superior a los sensores de esteroides anabólicos reportados anteriormente. Conclusión: Los valores de RSD oscilaron entre el 3,20% y el 4,45%, lo que indica que el sensor electroquímico de esteroides anabólicos desarrollado puede utilizarse como una técnica de detección viable para identificar esteroides anabólicos en fluidos biológicos humanos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Clinical application of upper arm central venous port in cancer patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of upper arm central venous port in cancer patients.Methods:A total of 500 patients with tumor were selected as the study subjects from March 29, 2018 to January 19 2020. Complications such as catheter-related thrombosis and catheter-related bloodstream infection during the indwelling period were recorded.Results:One patient with severe superior vena cava syndrome failed to be intubated. The other 499 patients were successfully intubated with a success rate of 99.8% (499/500). The rate of complications was 2.6% (13/499), and the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection was 0.029‰ (4/139 614) in 4 cases, the incidence of catheter-related thrombus was 0.057‰ (8/139 614) in 8 cases. There were 1 case of body turnover, 1 case of median nerve injury, 1 case of local tissue necrosis and 1 case of lymphatic leakage. Extubation was planned in 15 patients, and unplanned extubation in 6 patients due to complications.Conclusions:The upper arm port has less complications and is suitable for patients with tumor chemotherapy and long-term need of infusion. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Immune response of human umbilical vein endothelial cell to recombinant hemagglutinin protein of influenza virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the innate immunity of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus innoculation.@*Methods@#HUVECs were divided into four groups: control, H9N2 viral particle, recombinant H3HA and recombinant H5HA. After 24 h of innoculation, the supernatant of the culture was extracted and the HUVECs were lysed. The levels of cytokine in HUVEC were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA.@*Results@#The mRNA and protein expression of IFNB1 and the mRNA expression of CCL5 and IFITM3 in HUVECs of HA (H3HA and H9HA) innoculated group did not show significant difference compared to control (IFNB1 mRNA and protein expression of H3HA group, P=0.051, 0.839; IFNB1 mRNA and protein expression of H9HA group, P=0.127, 0.561; CCL5 mRNA expression of H3HA and H9HA croups, P=0.314, 0.429; IFITM3 mRNA expression of H3HA and H9HA croups, P=0.530, 0.269). The mRNA expression of CCL5 and IFITM3 in HUVECs of H9N2 viral particle innoculated group increased significantly compared to control (P=0.022, 0.047).@*Conclusions@#These results suggest that recombinant HA alone did not trigger innate immunity in HUVEC, but viral particle could activate endothelial innate immunity.